Republic of Colombia is located in the northwestern region of South America. Colombia has a territory of 1,141,748 square kilometers. Colombia borders Brazil, Ecuador, Panama, Peru and Venezuela and has access to the Caribbean Sea, as well as Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean. The capital city of Colombia is Bogotá, the largest city and the location of key government institutions. Colombia has a population of 50,38 million people.
Corporate taxation, VAT taxation, Personal taxation
- Corporate income tax - 35%. Tax returns are filed on an annual basis. Advance income tax payments are made twice a year for most commercial enterprises
- Dividend withholding tax - 10% for payments to non-residents, 0%, 7.5% and 10% for payments to residents
- Interest withholding tax - Standard tax rate 20% or reduced rate of 5% and 15% or tax exempt
- Royalties withholding tax - 20%
- Capital gains tax - 10%
- VAT - Standard tax rate 19% or reduced rate of 0% and 5% or tax exempt. Tax returns are filed on a bimonthly basis for commercial enterprises with gross revenue exceeding USD 870,000 (UVT 92,000) and on a quarterly basis for the rest of commercial enterprises
- Personal income tax - from 0% up to 39%.
The following are the most common types of companies to incorporate a company in Colombia as:
- Limited liability company (Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada - SRL)
- Public limited company (Sociedad Anónima - S.A.)
- General partnership (Sociedad Colectiva - S.C.)
- Limited partnership (Sociedad en Comandita Simple - S. en C.S.)
- Partnership limited by shares (Sociedad en Comandita por Acciones - S. en C. por A.)
- Simplified Corporation (Sociedad por Acciones Simplificada - S.A.S.)
- Branch office (Sucursal).
Official currency of Colombia is Colombian peso (COP).
Colombia has the fourh largest economy in Latin America. Petroleum is the main export of Colombia representing nearly 50% of total exports. Manufacturing makes up 12% of the county's exports. Colombia also has a rapidly growing IT industry. Shipbuilding industry is also one of the largest in the world. Colombia is the 2nd largest producer of electronics and appliances in Latin America. Electricity production comes primarily from renewable energy sources. Nearly 70% is obtained from hydroelectric generation.
In terms of foreign trade the largest exports of the country are mineral fuels, oils, gold, coal, distillation products, fruit, agricultural products, coffee, sugars, confectionery, food produts, palm oil, plastics, precious stones, metals, forest products, chemical goods, pharmaceuticals, perfumery and cosmetics, machinery, textile and fabrics, clothing and footwear, glass and glassware, furniture, construction equipment.
Imports of Colombia consist of electrical machinery and equipment, cars and vehicles, electric conductors, consumer goods, medicaments.
Primary trading partners of Colombia are Brazil, Ecuador, Panama, Mexico, Peru, the USA, China, India, Italy, Turkey, Spain, France, Japan, Germany.
The GDP of Colombia grew by 10.6% in 2021 and amounted to USD 314.27 billion. Tertiary sector makes up 59% of the GDP of the country, followed by industry sector at 25% and agriculture at 7.4%.